Architecte 3d Ultimate Crack 31 __FULL__
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In this study, fibre breakage is considered as the most probable damage mechanism to occur in this 3D woven composite subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. This damage mode is explained in detail using SAF. The SAF is defined as the ratio of the failure stress to the mean stress that can be applied on the composite. It is the ratio of the stress intensity factor at the crack tip to the material strength. The SAF is expressed as:
where ν is the Poisson ratio and Aij is the stress amplitudes measured from the analysis of the AE signals [13]. The SAF can be found with the aim of detecting the existing state of the fibre in the composite or with the aim of detecting the state of the fibre when it is broken. In this study, the SAF is calculated for both cases. Figure 5 shows the comparison of the SAF for the intact and broken fibre using the 3D composite model and by the AE data. Based on the results, the fibre breakage can be detected more effectively by the AE data than by the 3D composite model.
In particular, the large SAF for fibre breakage recorded by the AE system (2.9) indicates that the stress can be increased dramatically from the applied load. This is a direct evidence of the fibre breakage. In addition, the SAF value of 0.7 in the intact condition (Figure 5) indicates that the fibre is relatively unstressed in this particular condition. The SAF value decreases in the fibre breakage condition to 0.34 and 0.25 for PWAS#1 and #2, respectively. On the other hand, the SAF value obtained by the 3D composite model is not that much different from the intact condition. This is because the fibre breakage in the model is not modeled accurately. The SAF value is 0.9 in the intact condition and 0.8 in the broken condition, respectively.
Further research on AE and mechanical properties of woven carbon/epoxy composites is required to understand the correlation between the 2D and 3D damage modes in woven composites. Also, more in-depth research on the evolution of damage in woven composites needs to be carried out for better understanding and improvement on the mechanical properties of these materials.
Some researchers have reported that the S0 mode contributes to the majority of the energy released in the first stage of breakage (of the de-bonding of matrix and neighbouring fibre) and is dominant in the later stages of the crack propagation [3, 42]. This is in agreement with our findings. However, other researchers found that the dominant damage mode depends on the applied strain rate [18].
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